{"id":499,"date":"2021-02-10T06:43:06","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T05:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gblarvor.wordpress.com\/?p=499"},"modified":"2021-10-24T13:39:02","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T11:39:02","slug":"hommage-au-batisseur-de-la-securite-sociale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pcbigouden.fr\/?p=499","title":{"rendered":"Hommage \u00e0 Ambroise Croizat b\u00e2tisseur de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ambroise Croizat doit entrer au Panth\u00e9on !<\/p>\n

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\"Hommage<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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L’enfant du mouvement ouvrier<\/b><\/p>\n

Il y a cent vingt ans naissait Ambroise Croizat. Celui qui deviendra ministre doit nourrir la famille d\u00e8s l’\u00e2ge de <\/b>13 <\/b>ans. Il rejoint alors le combat politique et social, avec le PCF et la CGT.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La France a eu beaucoup de ministres du Travail, mais un seul ministre des travailleurs !<\/b> \u00bb<\/i> <\/i>C’est \u00e0 quelques pas de ces mots prononc\u00e9s par Marcel Paul en 1971, lors de l’inauguration de la st\u00e8le \u00e9rig\u00e9e en hommage au b\u00e2tisseur de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, qu’Ambroise Croizat na\u00eet en Savoie un 28 janvier 1901. Comme peut na\u00eetre alors un fils d’usine. En cette aurore de mis\u00e8re du XXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, il verra de sa fen\u00eatre d’enfant s’agiter les ombres ouvri\u00e8res qui brassent, dans la poussi\u00e8re, les fournaises des coul\u00e9es. Celle du p\u00e8re, Antoine, man\u0153uvre de peine, qui y marne douze heures par jour pour 8 sous de l’heure, \u00e0 peine le prix du pain. La protection sociale comme les cong\u00e9s ne sont encore qu’une lointaine utopie. On y pointe \u00e0 reculons sept jours sur sept, en attendant la \u00ab retraite des morts \u00bb. \u00ab Br\u00fbl\u00e9s devant, glac\u00e9s derri\u00e8re, on meurt l\u00e0 \u00e0 40 ans ! <\/i><\/b>\u00bb <\/i>\u00e9crit un t\u00e9moin de l’\u00e9poque. Les accidents et les col\u00e8res s’encha\u00eenent. Le 21 mars 1906, Ambroise verra son p\u00e8re sortir de l’usine, drapeau rouge en main, escort\u00e9 de 10 compagnons. Ils viennent d’\u00eatre licenci\u00e9s pour avoir os\u00e9 cr\u00e9er le premier syndicat CGT de la vall\u00e9e. Aussit\u00f4t une gr\u00e8ve de solidarit\u00e9 \u00e9maill\u00e9e d’\u00e9meutes s’\u00e9tend dans toutes les usines alentour.<\/p>\n

Les col\u00e8res s’encha\u00eenent. Le 21 mars 1906, Ambroise verra son p\u00e8re sortir de l’usine, drapeau rouge en main, escort\u00e9 de 10 compagnons. Ils viennent d’\u00eatre licenci\u00e9s pour avoir os\u00e9 cr\u00e9er le premier syndicat CGT de la vall\u00e9e. Aussit\u00f4t une gr\u00e8ve de solidarit\u00e9 \u00e9maill\u00e9e d’\u00e9meutes s’\u00e9tend dans toutes les usines alentour. Paniqu\u00e9, le patron c\u00e8de au bout de neuf jours et accepte toutes les revendications : le syndicat, une caisse de secours, deux jours de cong\u00e9s pay\u00e9s, une hausse de salaire, mais… Antoine Croizat est mut\u00e9. L’errance de la famille commence, Ugine, Grenoble, Lyon. Nuits des cit\u00e9s, r\u00e9voltes de la dignit\u00e9. 1914. Antoine est appel\u00e9 aux boucheries des tranch\u00e9es. Ambroise doit nourrir la famille. \u00c0 13 ans, il est embauch\u00e9 comme aide ajusteur. Trois jours apr\u00e8s, dans une manifestation contre l’Union sacr\u00e9e, il adh\u00e8re \u00e0 la CGT. \u00ab Bats- toi, ne te laisse pas humilier!<\/i><\/b>\u00bb <\/i>Au gr\u00e9 des luttes, forc\u00e9ment les mots du p\u00e8re reviennent. A 17 ans, il anime d\u00e9j\u00e0 les grandes gr\u00e8ves de la m\u00e9tallurgie lyonnaise. \u00ab L’homme \u00e9tait un v\u00e9ritable orateur et surtout un rassembleur, constamment chass\u00e9 par les patrons des entreprises o\u00f9 il travaillait<\/i><\/b>\u00bb, <\/i>\u00e9crit Marcel Rivoire, un compagnon de luttes. 1920, il adh\u00e8re au PCF et \u00e0 la CGTU et m\u00e8ne aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Fran\u00e7ois Billoux, Maurice Thorez et Gabriel P\u00e9ri les batailles anticolonialistes contre la guerre du Rif et de la Syrie.<\/p>\n

La bataille de l’unit\u00e9 populaire<\/b><\/p>\n

Il n’a que 27 ans lorsqu’il est nomm\u00e9 secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration CGTU des m\u00e9taux. Commence alors le chemin de celui que l’on appellera \u00ab le militant ambulant\u00bb. \u00ab De 1928 \u00e0 1935, mon p\u00e8re fut constamment sur les routes, animant ici une gr\u00e8ve, une occupation d’usine ailleurs…<\/b> \u00bb, <\/i>se souvient Liliane, sa fille. C’est sur ce chemin qu’il trace en compagnie de Marcel Paul et Prosper M\u00f4quet la bataille de l’unit\u00e9 populaire contre le fascisme, qui portera le Front populaire au pouvoir. Et il n’aura de cesse de le f\u00e9conder sur le terrain comme \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale. \u00c9lu d\u00e9put\u00e9 de Paris en 1936, il sera aux accords Matignon pour forger les grands conquis sociaux du si\u00e8cle : 40 heures, cong\u00e9s pay\u00e9s, loi sur les conventions collectives qui portera son nom. 1939, sa route s’ennuage. Suite au pacte de non-agression germano-sovi\u00e9tique, il est arr\u00eat\u00e9 par ceux qui vont bient\u00f4t serrer la main d’Hitler, enge\u00f4l\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de la Sant\u00e9. Suivent le calvaire de 17 prisons en France et la d\u00e9portation vers le bagne d’Alger o\u00f9 il vivra, comme le raconte Florimond Bont\u00e9 dans le Chemin de <\/b>l\u2019honneur, \u00ab le travail forc\u00e9, les humiliations et les simulacres d’ex\u00e9cution<\/b>\u00bb. <\/i>Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier 1943, il est nomm\u00e9 par la CGT clandestine \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e consultative qui entoure le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle au sein du premier gouvernement provisoire. De ces bancs, il donnera son premier discours \u00e0 Radio Alger : \u00ab Notre peuple <\/i>n’aura<\/em> pas souffert pour rien, nous lui donnerons la dignit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale\u00a0!<\/i><\/b>\u00bb <\/i>C’est \u00e0 cette t\u00e2che qu’il va s’employer d\u00e8s le 25 novembre 1945, lorsqu’il est nomm\u00e9 ministre du Travail. Appuy\u00e9 par un peuple mobilis\u00e9 et le rapport de forces de la Lib\u00e9ration (29 % des voix au PCF, 5 millions d’adh\u00e9rents \u00e0 la CGT, un patronat souill\u00e9 par sa collaboration), il laissera au peuple ses plus belles conqu\u00eates : retraites, S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, m\u00e9decine du travail, comit\u00e9s d’entreprise, prime pr\u00e9natale, doublement des allocations familiales et du cong\u00e9 maternit\u00e9, am\u00e9lioration consid\u00e9rable du Code du travail…<\/b> Les r\u00eaves et les promesses du p\u00e8re pour une identit\u00e9 sociale envi\u00e9e dans le monde entier. On comprend alors pourquoi ils furent 1 million \u00e0 l’accompagner au P\u00e8re-Lachaise. Un enterrement \u00e0 la Victor Hugo. \u00ab \u0152illets, couronnes de fleurs par milliers sur des kilom\u00e8tres. Mineurs du Nord ou d\u2019Al\u00e8s, m\u00e9tallos de Citro\u00ebn et de Renault, \u00e9lus barr\u00e9s d’\u00e9charpes, la France enti\u00e8re s\u2019\u00e9tait donn\u00e9 ici rendez-vous pour Ambroise… \u00bb, <\/i>\u00e9crit Jean Pierre Chabrol dans l’Humanit\u00e9 du <\/i>19 f\u00e9vrier 1951.<\/p>\n

Michel ETIEVENT<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

Auteur d‘Ambroise CROIZAT ou l’invention sociale<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c0 l’initiative de l’Humanit\u00e9, <\/i>\u00e9lus, syndicalistes et intellectuels interpellent le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique afin que le b\u00e2tisseur de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et ministre du Travail \u00e0 la Lib\u00e9ration, Ambroise Croizat, entre au Panth\u00e9on.<\/b><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ambroise Croizat doit entrer au Panth\u00e9on !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,13],"tags":[15,40],"class_list":["post-499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-securite-sociale","category-social","tag-ambroise-croizat","tag-secu"],"yoast_head":"\nHommage \u00e0 Ambroise Croizat b\u00e2tisseur de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale - PCF Pays Bigouden<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pcbigouden.fr\/?p=499\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hommage \u00e0 Ambroise Croizat b\u00e2tisseur de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale - 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